Aliados en la sanación: La relación humano animal en la recuperación del trauma
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Publicado
2025-12-30
Úrsula Aragunde Kohl
Ivemarie Hernández-Rivera
Kiana M. Aldwen-Cruz
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-0564
Resumen
En esta investigación cualitativa examinamos el papel de los animales de compañía en la recuperación de experiencias traumáticas y situaciones adversas. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con cinco mujeres, que enfrentaron eventos vitales desafiantes y mantenían vínculos significativos con sus animales de compañía, exploramos cómo estas relaciones ofrecieron apoyo emocional y actuaron como recursos protectores. Seleccionamos a las participantes mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por disponibilidad, invitando a entrevista a quienes cumplían con los criterios establecidos. Realizamos un análisis fenomenológico descriptivo de las entrevistas, lo que nos permitió identificar temas centrales sobre el apoyo emocional brindado por los animales de compañía en contextos de trauma. Los hallazgos resaltan el rol esencial de los animales al proveer amor incondicional, compañía y estabilidad emocional. Entre los temas centrales que identificamos, se encuentran la regulación emocional, el alivio del estrés y la resiliencia, lo que subraya el potencial terapéutico del vínculo humano-animal en la mitigación de los efectos prolongados del trauma. Este estudio contribuye a la literatura emergente sobre las interacciones humano-animal en contextos de trauma y refuerza la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones sobre su integración en estrategias de recuperación clínica y comunitaria.
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Keywords
vínculo humano-animal, recuperación de trauma, apoyo emocional, resiliencia
References
American Psychological Association. (2020). Trauma. En APA Dictionary of Psychology. Recuperado el 15 de enero de 2025 de https://dictionary.apa.org/trauma
Aragunde Kohl, Ú., Hernández-Rivera, I., Jové, K., Adrianza Castelló, C. E., & Dalmau Ramírez, N. I. (2025). Aliadas terapéuticas: Integrando mascotas en la práctica clínica: Guía práctica para profesionales de la salud, la educación y el bienestar. Amazon KDP.
Aragunde-Kohl, Ú., Hernández-Rivera, I., Cintrón Torres, Y., Rivera Perez, G. & Sánchez- Henríquez, C. (2024). Mascotas en tiempo de Covid-19: Un apoyo y amor incondicional. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 35(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3501.05
Aragunde-Kohl, Ú., Gómez-Galán, J., Lázaro-Pérez, C., & Martínez- López, J. A. (2020). Interaction and emotional connection with pets: A descriptive analysis from Puerto Rico. Animals, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112136
Aragunde-Kohl, Ú. (2016). Human animal relationship: A source of wellbeing and a therapeutic catalytic tool. Animalia, 2(2), 1-15.
Applebaum, J. W., Maclean, E. L., & McDonald, S. E. (2021). Love, fear, and the human-animal bond: On adversity and multispecies relationships. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, 7, 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100071
Beetz, A., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Julius, H., & Kotrschal, K. (2012). Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: The possible role of oxytocin. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 234. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00234
Chadwin, R. (2017). Evacuation of pets during disasters: A public health need. American Journal of Public Health, 107(S2), 1413-1417. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303877
Castillo López, M., Romero Sánchez, E., & Mínguez Vallejos, R. (2022). El método fenomenológico en investigación educativa: Una revisión sistemática. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos, 18(2), 241–267. https://doi.org/10.17151/rlee.2023.18.2.11
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Danby, P., Dashper, K., & Finkel, R. (2019). Multispecies leisure: Human-animal interactions in leisure landscapes. Leisure Studies, 38(3), 291-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1628802
DeGutis, J., Sullivan, D. R., Agnoli, S., Stumps, A., Logue, M., Brown, E., Verfaellie, M., Milberg, W., McGlinchey, R., & Esterman, M. (2024). Less is more: Smaller hippocampal subfield volumes predict greater improvements in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms over 2 years. Behavioral Neuroscience, 138(2), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000578
Dietz, T. J., Davis, D., & Pennings, J. (2020). Evaluating animal-assisted therapy in group treatment for child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(1), 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2012.726700
Duque, H., & Aristizábal Díaz-Granados, E. T. (2019). Análisis fenomenológico interpretativo. Una guía metodológica para su uso en la investigación cualitativa en psicología. Pensando Psicología, 15(25), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.16925/2382-3984.2019.01.03
Fine, A. (2020). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy. Foundations and guidelines for
animal-assisted Intervention (5th ed.). Academic Press.
Fuglsang-Damgaard, L. H., Lunde, S. J., Christensen, J. W., Vase, L., Videbech, P. B., & Thodberg, K. (2024). Human physiological responses to different types of human-dog interactions: A randomized crossover study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 57, 101899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101899
García-Carrasco, J. (2020). Lejos de la naturaleza, la cultura se torna insostenible. Cultivar nos acerca a la naturaleza. Foro de Educación, 18(1), 125-146.
Giorgi, A. (2009). The descriptive phenomenological method in psychology: A modified husserlian approach. Duquesne University Press.
Haris, E. M., Bryant, R. A., Felmingham, K. L., Williams, L. M., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2025).
Functional connectivity profiles of amygdala subregions in posttraumatic stress disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 15, Article 280. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03508-y
Hawkins, R. D., McDonald, S. E., O’Connor, K., Matijczak, A., Ascione, F. R., & Williams, J. H. (2019). Exposure to intimate partner violence and internalizing symptoms: The moderating effects of positive relationships with pets and animal cruelty exposure. Child Abuse & Neglect, 98, 104166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104166
Holz, N. E., Berhe, O., Sacu, S., Schwarz, E., Tesarz, J., Heim, C. M., & Tost, H. (2023). Early social adversity, altered brain functional connectivity, and mental health. Biological Psychiatry, 93(5), 430–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.10.019
Hunt, A., Al-Awadi, K., & Johnson, T. (2008). Psychological sequelae of pet loss following Hurricane Katrina. Anthrozoös, 21(3), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.2752/175303708X305765
Katrinli, S., Oliviera, N. C. S., Felger, J. C., Michopoulos, V., & Smith, A. K. (2022). The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 12, 313. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02094-7
King, B., McGlinn, M., & Duberstein, A. (2023). Mutuality and well-being: The human-animal bond. The Humanistic Psychologist, 51(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/hum0000257
Lass-Hennemann, J., Schäfer, S. K., Sopp, M. R., & Michael, T. (2020). The relationship between dog ownership, psychopathological symptoms, and health-benefitting factors in individuals with trauma exposure. Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072562
Leighton, S. C., Rodriguez, K. E., Zhuang, R., Jensen, C. L., Miller, E. A., Sabbaghi, A., & O'Haire, M. E. (2024). Psychiatric service dog placements are associated with better daily psychosocial functioning for military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 16(Suppl 3), S707–S717. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001543
Matsumura, K., Hamazaki, K., Tsuchida, A., Inadera, H., & Japan Environment and Children's
Study (JECS) Group (2022). Pet ownership during pregnancy and mothers' mental health conditions up to 1 year postpartum: A nationwide birth cohort-the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Social Science & Medicine, 309, 115216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115216
Meints, K., Brelsford, V. L., Dimolareva, M., Maréchal, L., Pennington, K., Rowan, E., & Gee,
N. R. (2022). Can dogs reduce stress levels in school children? Effects of dog-assisted interventions on salivary cortisol in children with and without special educational needs using randomized controlled trials. PLOS ONE, 17(6), e0269333. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269333
Meléndez Samó, L. M. (2014a). El vínculo humano-animal: Un acercamiento fenomenológico a
la relación entre las personas y sus animales de compañía [Disertación doctoral, Universidad de Puerto Rico]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1547165841
Meléndez-Samó, L. M. (2014b). El vínculo humano-animal y sus implicaciones para la psicología en Puerto Rico. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 25(2), 160–182.
Meléndez-Samó, L. M., & Segarra-González, Y. (2018). Constituyentes del vínculo
humano animal. En M. Díaz-Videla & M. A. Olarte (Eds.), Antrozoología, multidisciplinario campo de Investigación (pp. 22-50). Akadia.
Medina-Ortiz, K., & Aragunde-Kohl, Ú. (2019). Manual of dog assisted therapy: Strengthening the wellbeing of older adults. Bibliográficas.
McDonald, S. E., O’Connor, K. E., Matijczak, A., Tomlinson, C. A., Applebaum, J. W., Murphy, J. L., & Zsembik, B. A. (2021). Attachment to pets moderates transitions in latent patterns of mental health following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a survey of U.S. adults. Animals, 11(3), 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030895
Nagasawa, M., Murai, K., Sakagami, M., & Kikusui, T. (2023). Effects of interactions with cats
in domestic environments: Oxytocin secretion exhibits anti-stress effects such as suppressing cortisol and activating parasympathetic activity. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 10340037. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.10340037
O’Haire, M. E., Guérin, N. A., & Kirkham, A. C. (2015). Animal-assisted intervention for trauma: A systematic literature review. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 1121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01121
O’Haire, M. E., & Rodriguez, K. E. (2018). Preliminary efficacy of service dogs as a complementary treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military members and veterans. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(2), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000267
Oosthuizen, K., Haase, B., Ravulo, J., Lomax, S., & Ma, G. (2023). The role of human-animal bonds for people experiencing crisis situations. Animals, 13(5), 941. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050941
Parish-Plass, N. (2021). Animal-assisted psychotherapy for developmental trauma through the
lens of interpersonal neurobiology of trauma. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 31(3), 302–325. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000253
Ratschen, E., Shoesmith, E., Shahab, L., Silva, K., Kale, D., Toner, P., Reeve, C., & Mills, D. S.
(2020). Human-animal relationships and interactions during the Covid-19 lockdown phase in the UK: Investigating links with mental health and loneliness. PloS One, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239397
Rockett, B., & Carr, S. (2014). Animals and attachment theory. Society and Animals, 22(4), 415–
433. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341322
Segarra-González, Y., & Meléndez-Samó, L. M. (2021). If the world was ending:
Companion animals and their guardians in COVID-19 times. People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 4(1), 1-13. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/paij/vol4/iss1/8
Senger, A. R., & Gallagher, M. W. (2024). The unique effects of hope and gratitude on psychological distress and well-being in trauma-exposed Hispanic/Latino adults. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 16(3), 488–495.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Moore, B. A. (2021). Posttraumatic growth as an integrative therapeutic philosophy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 31(2), 180–194. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000250
Van Rooij, S. J. H. (2024). Targeting the hippocampus in the context of trauma.
Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, 4(4), 100335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100335
Wills, C., Cuevas, C. A., & Sabina, C. (2022). The role of the victim–offender relationship on psychological distress among Latinx women: A betrayal trauma perspective. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000923
Aragunde Kohl, Ú., Hernández-Rivera, I., Jové, K., Adrianza Castelló, C. E., & Dalmau Ramírez, N. I. (2025). Aliadas terapéuticas: Integrando mascotas en la práctica clínica: Guía práctica para profesionales de la salud, la educación y el bienestar. Amazon KDP.
Aragunde-Kohl, Ú., Hernández-Rivera, I., Cintrón Torres, Y., Rivera Perez, G. & Sánchez- Henríquez, C. (2024). Mascotas en tiempo de Covid-19: Un apoyo y amor incondicional. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 35(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3501.05
Aragunde-Kohl, Ú., Gómez-Galán, J., Lázaro-Pérez, C., & Martínez- López, J. A. (2020). Interaction and emotional connection with pets: A descriptive analysis from Puerto Rico. Animals, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112136
Aragunde-Kohl, Ú. (2016). Human animal relationship: A source of wellbeing and a therapeutic catalytic tool. Animalia, 2(2), 1-15.
Applebaum, J. W., Maclean, E. L., & McDonald, S. E. (2021). Love, fear, and the human-animal bond: On adversity and multispecies relationships. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, 7, 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100071
Beetz, A., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Julius, H., & Kotrschal, K. (2012). Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: The possible role of oxytocin. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 234. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00234
Chadwin, R. (2017). Evacuation of pets during disasters: A public health need. American Journal of Public Health, 107(S2), 1413-1417. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303877
Castillo López, M., Romero Sánchez, E., & Mínguez Vallejos, R. (2022). El método fenomenológico en investigación educativa: Una revisión sistemática. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos, 18(2), 241–267. https://doi.org/10.17151/rlee.2023.18.2.11
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Danby, P., Dashper, K., & Finkel, R. (2019). Multispecies leisure: Human-animal interactions in leisure landscapes. Leisure Studies, 38(3), 291-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1628802
DeGutis, J., Sullivan, D. R., Agnoli, S., Stumps, A., Logue, M., Brown, E., Verfaellie, M., Milberg, W., McGlinchey, R., & Esterman, M. (2024). Less is more: Smaller hippocampal subfield volumes predict greater improvements in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms over 2 years. Behavioral Neuroscience, 138(2), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000578
Dietz, T. J., Davis, D., & Pennings, J. (2020). Evaluating animal-assisted therapy in group treatment for child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(1), 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2012.726700
Duque, H., & Aristizábal Díaz-Granados, E. T. (2019). Análisis fenomenológico interpretativo. Una guía metodológica para su uso en la investigación cualitativa en psicología. Pensando Psicología, 15(25), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.16925/2382-3984.2019.01.03
Fine, A. (2020). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy. Foundations and guidelines for
animal-assisted Intervention (5th ed.). Academic Press.
Fuglsang-Damgaard, L. H., Lunde, S. J., Christensen, J. W., Vase, L., Videbech, P. B., & Thodberg, K. (2024). Human physiological responses to different types of human-dog interactions: A randomized crossover study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 57, 101899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101899
García-Carrasco, J. (2020). Lejos de la naturaleza, la cultura se torna insostenible. Cultivar nos acerca a la naturaleza. Foro de Educación, 18(1), 125-146.
Giorgi, A. (2009). The descriptive phenomenological method in psychology: A modified husserlian approach. Duquesne University Press.
Haris, E. M., Bryant, R. A., Felmingham, K. L., Williams, L. M., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2025).
Functional connectivity profiles of amygdala subregions in posttraumatic stress disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 15, Article 280. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03508-y
Hawkins, R. D., McDonald, S. E., O’Connor, K., Matijczak, A., Ascione, F. R., & Williams, J. H. (2019). Exposure to intimate partner violence and internalizing symptoms: The moderating effects of positive relationships with pets and animal cruelty exposure. Child Abuse & Neglect, 98, 104166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104166
Holz, N. E., Berhe, O., Sacu, S., Schwarz, E., Tesarz, J., Heim, C. M., & Tost, H. (2023). Early social adversity, altered brain functional connectivity, and mental health. Biological Psychiatry, 93(5), 430–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.10.019
Hunt, A., Al-Awadi, K., & Johnson, T. (2008). Psychological sequelae of pet loss following Hurricane Katrina. Anthrozoös, 21(3), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.2752/175303708X305765
Katrinli, S., Oliviera, N. C. S., Felger, J. C., Michopoulos, V., & Smith, A. K. (2022). The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 12, 313. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02094-7
King, B., McGlinn, M., & Duberstein, A. (2023). Mutuality and well-being: The human-animal bond. The Humanistic Psychologist, 51(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/hum0000257
Lass-Hennemann, J., Schäfer, S. K., Sopp, M. R., & Michael, T. (2020). The relationship between dog ownership, psychopathological symptoms, and health-benefitting factors in individuals with trauma exposure. Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072562
Leighton, S. C., Rodriguez, K. E., Zhuang, R., Jensen, C. L., Miller, E. A., Sabbaghi, A., & O'Haire, M. E. (2024). Psychiatric service dog placements are associated with better daily psychosocial functioning for military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 16(Suppl 3), S707–S717. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001543
Matsumura, K., Hamazaki, K., Tsuchida, A., Inadera, H., & Japan Environment and Children's
Study (JECS) Group (2022). Pet ownership during pregnancy and mothers' mental health conditions up to 1 year postpartum: A nationwide birth cohort-the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Social Science & Medicine, 309, 115216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115216
Meints, K., Brelsford, V. L., Dimolareva, M., Maréchal, L., Pennington, K., Rowan, E., & Gee,
N. R. (2022). Can dogs reduce stress levels in school children? Effects of dog-assisted interventions on salivary cortisol in children with and without special educational needs using randomized controlled trials. PLOS ONE, 17(6), e0269333. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269333
Meléndez Samó, L. M. (2014a). El vínculo humano-animal: Un acercamiento fenomenológico a
la relación entre las personas y sus animales de compañía [Disertación doctoral, Universidad de Puerto Rico]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1547165841
Meléndez-Samó, L. M. (2014b). El vínculo humano-animal y sus implicaciones para la psicología en Puerto Rico. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 25(2), 160–182.
Meléndez-Samó, L. M., & Segarra-González, Y. (2018). Constituyentes del vínculo
humano animal. En M. Díaz-Videla & M. A. Olarte (Eds.), Antrozoología, multidisciplinario campo de Investigación (pp. 22-50). Akadia.
Medina-Ortiz, K., & Aragunde-Kohl, Ú. (2019). Manual of dog assisted therapy: Strengthening the wellbeing of older adults. Bibliográficas.
McDonald, S. E., O’Connor, K. E., Matijczak, A., Tomlinson, C. A., Applebaum, J. W., Murphy, J. L., & Zsembik, B. A. (2021). Attachment to pets moderates transitions in latent patterns of mental health following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a survey of U.S. adults. Animals, 11(3), 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030895
Nagasawa, M., Murai, K., Sakagami, M., & Kikusui, T. (2023). Effects of interactions with cats
in domestic environments: Oxytocin secretion exhibits anti-stress effects such as suppressing cortisol and activating parasympathetic activity. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 10340037. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.10340037
O’Haire, M. E., Guérin, N. A., & Kirkham, A. C. (2015). Animal-assisted intervention for trauma: A systematic literature review. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 1121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01121
O’Haire, M. E., & Rodriguez, K. E. (2018). Preliminary efficacy of service dogs as a complementary treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military members and veterans. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(2), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000267
Oosthuizen, K., Haase, B., Ravulo, J., Lomax, S., & Ma, G. (2023). The role of human-animal bonds for people experiencing crisis situations. Animals, 13(5), 941. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050941
Parish-Plass, N. (2021). Animal-assisted psychotherapy for developmental trauma through the
lens of interpersonal neurobiology of trauma. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 31(3), 302–325. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000253
Ratschen, E., Shoesmith, E., Shahab, L., Silva, K., Kale, D., Toner, P., Reeve, C., & Mills, D. S.
(2020). Human-animal relationships and interactions during the Covid-19 lockdown phase in the UK: Investigating links with mental health and loneliness. PloS One, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239397
Rockett, B., & Carr, S. (2014). Animals and attachment theory. Society and Animals, 22(4), 415–
433. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341322
Segarra-González, Y., & Meléndez-Samó, L. M. (2021). If the world was ending:
Companion animals and their guardians in COVID-19 times. People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 4(1), 1-13. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/paij/vol4/iss1/8
Senger, A. R., & Gallagher, M. W. (2024). The unique effects of hope and gratitude on psychological distress and well-being in trauma-exposed Hispanic/Latino adults. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 16(3), 488–495.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Moore, B. A. (2021). Posttraumatic growth as an integrative therapeutic philosophy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 31(2), 180–194. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000250
Van Rooij, S. J. H. (2024). Targeting the hippocampus in the context of trauma.
Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, 4(4), 100335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100335
Wills, C., Cuevas, C. A., & Sabina, C. (2022). The role of the victim–offender relationship on psychological distress among Latinx women: A betrayal trauma perspective. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000923
Cómo citar
Aliados en la sanación: La relación humano animal en la recuperación del trauma. (2025). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 36(3), 384-398. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3603.04
Sección
Artículo de investigación
Si se acepta un trabajo para su publicación, los derechos de impresión y de reproducción por cualquier forma y medio son de la Asociación de Psicología de Puerto Rico (APPR), que no rechazará cualquier petición razonable por parte de los autores para obtener el permiso de reproducción de sus contribuciones. Debe adjuntarse una carta tipo de cesión de derechos. Se entiende que las opiniones expresadas en los artículos son de responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores y no comprometen la opinión y política científica de la Revista ni de la APPR. Igualmente, las actividades descritas en los trabajos publicados estarán de acuerdo con los criterios de ética, tanto por lo que se refiere a los trabajos con humanos como a la experimentación animal, así como en todo lo relativo a la ética profesional.
Cómo citar
Aliados en la sanación: La relación humano animal en la recuperación del trauma. (2025). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 36(3), 384-398. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3603.04