Correlates and predictors of chronicity among adolescents living in Puerto Rico with a history of depressive symptoms
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Publicado
2022-01-16
Eduardo Cumba-Avilés
Marieli Piñero-Meléndez
José G. Luiggi-Hernández
Vidalina Feliciano-López
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-915X
Resumen
Chronic depression (CD) among Hispanic/Latina(o) youths has been understudied, although chronicity is the biggest risk factor for treatment-resistant depression. We examined CD correlates and predictors among 291 youths (aged 12–18 years) living in Puerto Rico with a history of depressive symptoms. They completed the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Depressive Symptoms Spectrum Assessment Inventory (DSSAI), and the Brief Structured Diagnostic Measure for Depression. We explored CD correlates using odds ratios adjusted for CDI-Total scores. With multiple logistic regression, we identified optimal predictors of a history of chronic depressive symptoms (HCDS) or any chronic depressive disorder (HACDD). Living zone (rural), history of depressive disorder, household size (< 4), age of onset of symptoms (< 13 years), death/suicidal thoughts at the first episode, antidepressants use, and scores ≥ 84th percentile in the DSSAI-Anhedonia subscale, accounted for 37% of HCDS variance. The latter five variables and socioeconomic status (lower middle/low) best distinguished HACDD and episodic disorders (R2 = .331). Identifying factors that distinguish chronic and episodic depression among Hispanic/Latina(o) youths may help to improve their diagnosis, access to and quality of care, as well as treatment selection, tailoring, and outcomes.
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Keywords
References
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Breslau, J., Gilman, S. E., Stein, B. D., Ruder, T., Gmelin, T., & Miller, E. (2017). Sex differences in recent first-onset depression in an epidemiological sample of adolescents. Translational Psychiatry, 7(5), e1139. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2017.105
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Fombonne, E., Wostear, G., Cooper, V., Harrington, R., & Rutter, M. (2001). The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression. 2. Suicidality, criminality, and social dysfunction in adulthood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.3.218
Garland, A., & Scot, J. (2008). Chronic depression. In M. A. Whisman (Ed.), Adapting cognitive therapy for depres-sion: Managing complexity and comorbidity (pp. 88-109). Guilford.
Hamill-Skoch, S., Hicks, P., & Prieto-Hicks, X. (2012). The use of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 3, 95-104. https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S13781
Hankin, B. L. (2017). Depression during childhood and adolescence. In R. J. DeRubeis & D. R. Strunk (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of mood disorders (pp. 276-286). Oxford University. https://10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199973965.013.24
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.007
Jonsson, U., Bohman, H., von Knorring, L., Olsson, G., Paaren, A., & von Knorring, A. L. (2011). Mental health outcome of long-term and episodic adolescent depression: 15-year follow-up of a community sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130(3), 395-404.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.046
Kessel, E. M., & Klein, D. N. (2016). Depressivity and anhedonia. In M. D. Ziegler-Hill V (Ed.), The Dark Side of Personality: Science and Practice in Social, Personality, and Clinical Psychology. American Psychological Association.
Klein, D. N., & Black, S. R. (2017). Persistent depressive disorder. In R. J. DeRubeis & D. R. Strunk (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders (pp. 227-236). Oxford University Press.
https://10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199973965.013.20
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https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22835
Kovacs, M. (2001). Children's Depression Inventory (CDI): Technical Manual. Multi-Health Systems.
Kovacs, M., Akiskal, H. S., Gatsonis, C., & Parrone, P. L. (1994). Childhood-onset dysthymic disorder: Clinical features and prospective naturalistic outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 365-374. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950050025003
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13362
Murphy, J. A., & Byrne, G. J. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of the proposed DSM-5 diagnosis of chronic depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 139(2), 172-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.01.033
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Brent, D. (2018). Treatment-resistant depression in adolescents. UPMC Synergies (Vol. Winter, pp. 1-11). Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. https://www.upmcphysicianresources.com/-/media/physicianresources/pdf-publications/psychiatry/synergies_winter_2018_07_final.pdf
Breslau, J., Gilman, S. E., Stein, B. D., Ruder, T., Gmelin, T., & Miller, E. (2017). Sex differences in recent first-onset depression in an epidemiological sample of adolescents. Translational Psychiatry, 7(5), e1139. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2017.105
Brown, G. W., Harris, T. O., Hepworth, C., & Robinson, R. (1994). Clinical and psychosocial origins of chronic depressive episodes. II. A patient enquiry. British Journal of Psychiatry, 165(4), 457-465. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.4.457
Canino, G., Shrout, P. E., Rubio-Stipec, M., Bird, H. R., Bravo, M., Ramirez, R., Chavez, L., Alegria, M., Bauermeister, J. J., Hohmann, A., Ribera, J., Garcia, P., & Martinez-Taboas, A. (2004). The DSM-IV rates of child and adolescent disorders in Puerto Rico. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(1), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.1.85
Chi, X., Becker, B., Yu, Q., Hossain, M. M., Lin, J., Yeung, A., Seiler-Ramadas, R., Grabovac, I., Bu, H. Xie, F., & Zou, L. (2020). Persistence and remission of depressive symptoms and psycho-social correlates in Chinese early adolescents. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 406.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02808-5
Costello, D. M., Swendsen, J., Rose, J. S., & Dierker, L. C. (2008). Risk and protective factors associated with trajectories of depressed mood from adolescence to early adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(2), 173–183.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.173
Cousien, A., Acquaviva, E., Kernéis, S., Yazdanpanah, Y., & Delorme, R. (2021). Temporal trends in suicide attempts among children in the decade before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France. JAMA Network Open, 4(10), e2128611. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28611
Cumba-Avilés, E., & Feliciano-López, V. (2013). Estudio piloto de validación del Inventario para la Evaluación del Espectro de la Sintomatología Depresiva (INEESD) [Pilot-validation study of the Depressive Symptoms Spectrum Assessment Inventory]. Ciencias de la Conducta, 28(1), 1-33.
http://bookshelf.albizu.edu/pdf/2013.php
Cumba-Avilés, E., & Feliciano-López, V. (2015). Development and validation of an indigenous measure of depression for Puerto Rican adolescents. American Psychological Association 2015 Conven-tion Presentations and Abstracts, Volume 8 [Conference session abstract], 904-905. 123rd American Psychological Association Annual Convention, Toronto, Ontario. https://doi.org/10.1037/e506802016-001
Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. (2016). Informe sobre la sequía 2014-2016 en Puerto Rico [Report on the 2014-2016 drought in Puerto Rico]. División de Monitoreo del Plan de Aguas, San Juan, PR. https://www.drna.pr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Informe-Sequia-2014-2016.compressed.pdf
Essau, C. A. (2007). Course and outcome of major depressive disorder in non-referred adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 99(1-3), 191-201.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.09.010
Essau, C. A., & Chang, W. C. (2009). Epidemiology, comorbidity, and course of adolescent depression. In C. A. Essau (Ed.), Treatments for adolescent depres-sion: Theory and practice (pp. 3-25). Oxford University Press. https://10.1093/med:psych/9780199226504.003.0001
Feliciano-López, V., & Cumba-Avilés, E. (2014). Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario para la Evaluación del Espectro de la Sintomatología Depresiva en adolescentes [Psychometric proper-ties of the Depressive Symptoms Spectrum Assessment Inventory in youth]. Puerto Rican Journal of Psychology, 25(2), 260-278. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2332/233245622007.pdf
Fombonne, E., Wostear, G., Cooper, V., Harrington, R., & Rutter, M. (2001). The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression. 2. Suicidality, criminality, and social dysfunction in adulthood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.3.218
Garland, A., & Scot, J. (2008). Chronic depression. In M. A. Whisman (Ed.), Adapting cognitive therapy for depres-sion: Managing complexity and comorbidity (pp. 88-109). Guilford.
Hamill-Skoch, S., Hicks, P., & Prieto-Hicks, X. (2012). The use of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 3, 95-104. https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S13781
Hankin, B. L. (2017). Depression during childhood and adolescence. In R. J. DeRubeis & D. R. Strunk (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of mood disorders (pp. 276-286). Oxford University. https://10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199973965.013.24
Hill, R. M., Mellick, W., Temple, J. R., & Sharp, C. (2017). The role of bullying in depressive symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A growth mixture model. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.007
Jonsson, U., Bohman, H., von Knorring, L., Olsson, G., Paaren, A., & von Knorring, A. L. (2011). Mental health outcome of long-term and episodic adolescent depression: 15-year follow-up of a community sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130(3), 395-404.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.046
Kessel, E. M., & Klein, D. N. (2016). Depressivity and anhedonia. In M. D. Ziegler-Hill V (Ed.), The Dark Side of Personality: Science and Practice in Social, Personality, and Clinical Psychology. American Psychological Association.
Klein, D. N., & Black, S. R. (2017). Persistent depressive disorder. In R. J. DeRubeis & D. R. Strunk (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders (pp. 227-236). Oxford University Press.
https://10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199973965.013.20
Köhler, S., Chrysanthou, S., Guhn, A., & Sterzer, P. (2019). Differences between chronic and nonchronic depression: Systematic review and implications for treatment. Depression and Anxiety, 36(1), 18-30.
https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22835
Kovacs, M. (2001). Children's Depression Inventory (CDI): Technical Manual. Multi-Health Systems.
Kovacs, M., Akiskal, H. S., Gatsonis, C., & Parrone, P. L. (1994). Childhood-onset dysthymic disorder: Clinical features and prospective naturalistic outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 365-374. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950050025003
Kovacs, M., Obrosky, D. S., Gatsonis, C., & Richards, C. (1997). First-episode major depressive and dysthymic disorder in childhood: Clinical and sociodemogra-phic factors in recovery. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(6), 777-784.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199706000-00014
Lara, M. E., & Klein, D. N. (1999). Psychosocial processes underlying the maintenance and persistence of depres-sion: Implications for understanding chronic depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 19(5), 553-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00066-x
Ley Núm. 72 del 29 de mayo de 2015 [Act 72 of May 29, 2015].
http://www.hacienda.gobierno. pr/sites/default/files/ley-72-29-may-2015.pdf
Lorenzo-Luaces, L., Rodriguez-Quintana, N., & Bailey, A. J. (2020). Double trouble: Do symptom severity and duration interact to predicting treatment outcomes in adoles-cent depression? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 131, 103637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103637
McMakin, D. L., Olino, T. M., Porta, G., Dietz, L. J., Emslie, G., Clarke, G., Wagner, K. D., Asarnow, J. R., Ryan, N. D., Birmaher, B., Shamseddeen, W., Mayes, T., Kennard, B., Spirito, A., Keller, M., Lynch, F. L., Dickerson, J. F., & Brent, D. A. (2012). Anhedonia predicts poorer recovery among youth with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment-resistant depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(4), 404-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.01.011
Melrose, S. (2017). Persistent depressive disorder or dysthymia: An overview of assessment and treatment approaches. Open Journal of Depression, 6(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojd.2017.61001
Morken, I. S., Viddal, K. R., Ranum, B., & Wichstrøm, L. (2021). Depression from preschool to adolescence - five faces of stability. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 62(8), 1000-1009.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13362
Murphy, J. A., & Byrne, G. J. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of the proposed DSM-5 diagnosis of chronic depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 139(2), 172-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.01.033
Orengo-Aguayo, R., Stewart, R. W., de Arellano, M. A., Suárez-Kindy, J. L., & Young, J. (2019). Disaster exposure and mental health among Puerto Rican youths after hurricane Maria. JAMA Network Open, 2(4), e192619.
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Cómo citar
Correlates and predictors of chronicity among adolescents living in Puerto Rico with a history of depressive symptoms. (2022). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 32(2), 190-206. https://repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/705
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Cómo citar
Correlates and predictors of chronicity among adolescents living in Puerto Rico with a history of depressive symptoms. (2022). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 32(2), 190-206. https://repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/705