Cambios en el funcionamiento sexual de parejas durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 en Puerto Rico
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Publicado
2022-01-16
Resumen
La pandemia por coronavirus (COVID-19) trajo secuelas adversas en varias áreas del funcionamiento de las personas, entre ellas económicas, laborales, familiares y académicas. Un área que no se ha investigado en Puerto Rico es el efecto de los encierros en la conducta sexual de las parejas. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: (1) analizar si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la satisfacción sexual de las personas participantes antes y durante la cuarentena; (2) examinar si se han producido cambios significativos en la calidad de las relaciones de pareja durante la cuarentena; y (3) evaluar si la ansiedad y la ansiedad por COVID-19 predicen la satisfacción sexual de las personas participantes durante la cuarentena. La muestra consistió de 392 personas adultas en su mayoría mujeres (87.5%). Los resultados reflejaron una disminución en la calidad de la relación de pareja y en la satisfacción sexual durante la cuarentena. La relación entre ansiedad por COVID-19 y satisfacción sexual durante la cuarentena fue significativa, baja y negativa. A pesar que algunas diferencias resultaron ser estadísticamente significativas, una mirada a dichas diferencias resalta que a nivel práctico y clínico las diferencias fueron mínimas. Se discuten recomendaciones e implicaciones para la clínica y consejería.
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Keywords
References
Abedi, P., Afrazeh, M., Javadifar, N., & Saki, A. (2015). The relation between stress and sexual function and satisfaction in reproductive age women in Iran: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 41(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2014.915906
Balzarini, R. N., Muise, A., Zoppolat, G., Gesselman, A. N., Lehmiller, J. J., Garcia, J. R., Slatcher, R. B., Mark, K. P. (2021). Sexual Desire in the Time of COVID-19: How COVID-Related Stres-sors are Associated with Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nxkgp
Bhambhvani, H. P., Chen, T., Kasman, A. M., Wilson-King, G., Enemchukwu, E., & Eisenberg, M. L. (2021). Female sexual function during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Sexual Medicine, 9(4), 100355.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100355
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psycholo-gical impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evi-dence. Lancet (London, England), 395(10227), 912–920.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Champion, D. J. (1981). Basic statistics for social research (2nd ed.). MacMillan.
Cheng, Z., & Smyth, R. (2015). Sex and happiness. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 112, 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.030
Cito, G., Micelli, E., Cocci, A., Polloni, G., Russo, G. I., Coccia, M. E., Simoncini, T., Carini, M., Minervini, A., & Natali, A. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on sexual life in Italy. Urology, 147, 37-42.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.101
Colson, M. H. (2016). Sexual dysfunctions and chronic illness: Epidemiology, impact and significance. Sexologies, 25, e5-e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2016.01.007
Dang, S.S., Northey, L., Dunkley, C. R., Rigby, R. A., Gorzalka, B. (2018). Sexual anxiety and sexual beliefs as mediators of the association between attachment orientation with sexual functioning and distress in university men and women. The Canadian Journal of Sexuality, 27 (1), 21-32.
https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.2017-0025
Delcea, C., Chirilă, V. I., & Săuchea, A. M. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 on sexual life – a meta-analysis. Sexologies, 30(1), e49–e54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2020.12.001
Epstein, S., & Mamo, L. (2017). The proliferation of sexual health: Diverse social problems and the legitimation of sexuality. Social Science and Medicine, 188, 176-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.033
Fisher, W. A., Donahue, K. L., Long, J. S., Heiman, J. R., Rosen, R. C., & Sand, M. S. (2015). Individual and partner correlates of sexual satisfaction and relationship happiness in midlife couples: Dyadic analysis of the International Survey of Relationships. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(6), 1609–1620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0426-8
Gondwal, R., Pal, A., Paul, S., Bohra, R., Aulakh, A. P. S., & Bhat, A. (2020). Sexual behavior during the times of COVID-19-related lockdown in India: Results from an online survey. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 2(3–4), 242–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631831820971900
González-Rivera, J. A. (2020). Reliability and validity of the Relationship Assessment Scale in Puerto Rican women. Informes Psicológicos, 20(1), 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18566/infpsic.v20n1a01
González-Rivera, J. A., & Hernández-Gato, I. (2019). Validación de una versión breve de la Escala de Satisfacción Sexual Subjetiva (ESSS-B) en Puerto Rico. Revista Evaluar, 19(2), 43-57.
https://doi.org/10.35670/1667-4545.v19.n2.25082
González-Rivera, J. A., Rosario-Rodríguez, A., & Cruz, A. (2020). Escala de Ansiedad por Coronavirus: Un nuevo instrumento para medir síntomas de ansiedad asociados al COVID-19. Interacciones, 6(3), e163.
https://doi.org/10.24016/2020.v6n3.163
Hernández-Sampieri, R., & Mendoza-Torres, C. P. (2018). Metodología de la investigación: Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. McGraw-Hill.
Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50(1), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/352430
Hendrick, S. S., Dicke, A., & Hendrick, C. (1998). The Relationship Assessment Scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(1), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407598151009
Karagöz, M. I., Gül, A., Borg, C., Erihan, I., Uslu, M., Ezer, M., Erbağcı, A., Çatak, B., & Bagcioglu, M. (2020). Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on sexuality: a cross-sectional study among couples in Turkey. International Journal of Impotence Research.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-020-00378-4
Karsiyakali, N., Sahin, Y., Ates, H. A., Okucu, E., & Karabay, E. (2021). Evaluation of the sexual functioning of individuals living in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic: An internet-based Nationwide Survey Study. Sexual Medicine, 9(1), 100279. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.esxm.2020.10.007
Lehmiller, J., García, J., Gesselman, A., & Mark, K. (2021). Less sex, but more sexual diversity: Changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 coronavi-rus pandemic. Leisure Sciences, 43(1-2), 295-304.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1774016
Lorenzo-Ruiz, A., Díaz, K., & Zaldívar, D. (2020). La psicología como ciencia y profesión en el afrontamiento del COVID-19. Revista Caribeña de Psicología, 4(2), 153-165. https://doi.org/10.37226/rcp.v4i2.4815
Luetke, M., Hensel, D., Herbenick, D., & Rosenberg, N. (200). Romantic relationship conflict due to the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in intimate and sexual behaviors in a national representative sample of American adults. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 46(8), 747-762.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2020.1810185
Manohar, S., Rao, S., Chandran, S., Maheshwari, S., George, M., Rao, S., & Ahmed, F. (2017). Sexual dysfunctions in depression. Clinical Depression, 3(3), 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2572-0791.1000125
Martínez-Taboas, A. (2020). Pandemias, COVID-19 y salud mental: ¿Qué sabe-mos actualmente? Revista Caribeña De Psicología, 4(2), 143–152.
https://doi.org/10.37226/rcp.v4i2.4907
Montesi, J. L., Conner, B. T., Gordon, E. A., Fauber, R. L., Kim, K. H., & Heimberg, R. G. (2013). On the relationship among social anxiety, intimacy, sexual communication, and sexual satisfaction in young couples. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(1), 81–91.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9929-3
New York City Department of Health. (2021). Safer sex and COVID-19. New York City. http://nyc.gov/health/coronavirus
Oliveira, L., & Carvalho, J. (2021). Women's sexual health during the pandemic of COVID-19: Declines in sexual function and sexual pleasure. Current Sexual Health Reports, 1–13. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-021-00309-4
Organización de las Naciones Unidas. (2020). Ante el aumento de la violencia doméstica por el coronavirus, Guterres llama a la paz en los hogares. Noticias ONU. https://news.un.org/es/story/2020/04/1472392
Osur, J., Ireri, E. M., & Esho, T. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 and its control measures on sexual satisfaction among married couples in Kenya. Sexual Medicine, 9(3), 100354.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100354
Oyanedel, J. C., Barrientos, J., Mella, C., Mendiburo, A., Rubio, A., & Sánchez, B. (2020). Validation of the Sexual Personal Well-Being Index. Journal of Sexual & Marital Therapy, 46(7), 649-659.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2020.1775740
Pagán-Torres, O., González-Rivera, J. A., & Rosario-Hernández, E. (2020). Review-ing the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (Gad-7) in a sample of Puerto Rican adults. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 11(1), 36885-36888.
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
World Health Organization. (2020). Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-19. Interim guidance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/critical-preparedness-readiness-and-response-actions-for-covid-19
Yasir, S. M., Alradie-Mohamed, A., Kar, S. K., Sharma, P., & Kabir, R. (2020). Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113050.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113050
Zhang, Y., Wen, C., Zhang, Y., Luo, X., & Ma, Z. (2021). The impact of mental health and stress concerns on relationship and sexuality amidst the COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of Sexual Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.013
Balzarini, R. N., Muise, A., Zoppolat, G., Gesselman, A. N., Lehmiller, J. J., Garcia, J. R., Slatcher, R. B., Mark, K. P. (2021). Sexual Desire in the Time of COVID-19: How COVID-Related Stres-sors are Associated with Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nxkgp
Bhambhvani, H. P., Chen, T., Kasman, A. M., Wilson-King, G., Enemchukwu, E., & Eisenberg, M. L. (2021). Female sexual function during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Sexual Medicine, 9(4), 100355.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100355
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psycholo-gical impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evi-dence. Lancet (London, England), 395(10227), 912–920.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Champion, D. J. (1981). Basic statistics for social research (2nd ed.). MacMillan.
Cheng, Z., & Smyth, R. (2015). Sex and happiness. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 112, 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.030
Cito, G., Micelli, E., Cocci, A., Polloni, G., Russo, G. I., Coccia, M. E., Simoncini, T., Carini, M., Minervini, A., & Natali, A. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on sexual life in Italy. Urology, 147, 37-42.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.101
Colson, M. H. (2016). Sexual dysfunctions and chronic illness: Epidemiology, impact and significance. Sexologies, 25, e5-e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2016.01.007
Dang, S.S., Northey, L., Dunkley, C. R., Rigby, R. A., Gorzalka, B. (2018). Sexual anxiety and sexual beliefs as mediators of the association between attachment orientation with sexual functioning and distress in university men and women. The Canadian Journal of Sexuality, 27 (1), 21-32.
https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.2017-0025
Delcea, C., Chirilă, V. I., & Săuchea, A. M. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 on sexual life – a meta-analysis. Sexologies, 30(1), e49–e54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2020.12.001
Epstein, S., & Mamo, L. (2017). The proliferation of sexual health: Diverse social problems and the legitimation of sexuality. Social Science and Medicine, 188, 176-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.033
Fisher, W. A., Donahue, K. L., Long, J. S., Heiman, J. R., Rosen, R. C., & Sand, M. S. (2015). Individual and partner correlates of sexual satisfaction and relationship happiness in midlife couples: Dyadic analysis of the International Survey of Relationships. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(6), 1609–1620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0426-8
Gondwal, R., Pal, A., Paul, S., Bohra, R., Aulakh, A. P. S., & Bhat, A. (2020). Sexual behavior during the times of COVID-19-related lockdown in India: Results from an online survey. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 2(3–4), 242–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631831820971900
González-Rivera, J. A. (2020). Reliability and validity of the Relationship Assessment Scale in Puerto Rican women. Informes Psicológicos, 20(1), 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18566/infpsic.v20n1a01
González-Rivera, J. A., & Hernández-Gato, I. (2019). Validación de una versión breve de la Escala de Satisfacción Sexual Subjetiva (ESSS-B) en Puerto Rico. Revista Evaluar, 19(2), 43-57.
https://doi.org/10.35670/1667-4545.v19.n2.25082
González-Rivera, J. A., Rosario-Rodríguez, A., & Cruz, A. (2020). Escala de Ansiedad por Coronavirus: Un nuevo instrumento para medir síntomas de ansiedad asociados al COVID-19. Interacciones, 6(3), e163.
https://doi.org/10.24016/2020.v6n3.163
Hernández-Sampieri, R., & Mendoza-Torres, C. P. (2018). Metodología de la investigación: Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. McGraw-Hill.
Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50(1), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/352430
Hendrick, S. S., Dicke, A., & Hendrick, C. (1998). The Relationship Assessment Scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(1), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407598151009
Karagöz, M. I., Gül, A., Borg, C., Erihan, I., Uslu, M., Ezer, M., Erbağcı, A., Çatak, B., & Bagcioglu, M. (2020). Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on sexuality: a cross-sectional study among couples in Turkey. International Journal of Impotence Research.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-020-00378-4
Karsiyakali, N., Sahin, Y., Ates, H. A., Okucu, E., & Karabay, E. (2021). Evaluation of the sexual functioning of individuals living in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic: An internet-based Nationwide Survey Study. Sexual Medicine, 9(1), 100279. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.esxm.2020.10.007
Lehmiller, J., García, J., Gesselman, A., & Mark, K. (2021). Less sex, but more sexual diversity: Changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 coronavi-rus pandemic. Leisure Sciences, 43(1-2), 295-304.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1774016
Lorenzo-Ruiz, A., Díaz, K., & Zaldívar, D. (2020). La psicología como ciencia y profesión en el afrontamiento del COVID-19. Revista Caribeña de Psicología, 4(2), 153-165. https://doi.org/10.37226/rcp.v4i2.4815
Luetke, M., Hensel, D., Herbenick, D., & Rosenberg, N. (200). Romantic relationship conflict due to the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in intimate and sexual behaviors in a national representative sample of American adults. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 46(8), 747-762.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2020.1810185
Manohar, S., Rao, S., Chandran, S., Maheshwari, S., George, M., Rao, S., & Ahmed, F. (2017). Sexual dysfunctions in depression. Clinical Depression, 3(3), 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2572-0791.1000125
Martínez-Taboas, A. (2020). Pandemias, COVID-19 y salud mental: ¿Qué sabe-mos actualmente? Revista Caribeña De Psicología, 4(2), 143–152.
https://doi.org/10.37226/rcp.v4i2.4907
Montesi, J. L., Conner, B. T., Gordon, E. A., Fauber, R. L., Kim, K. H., & Heimberg, R. G. (2013). On the relationship among social anxiety, intimacy, sexual communication, and sexual satisfaction in young couples. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(1), 81–91.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9929-3
New York City Department of Health. (2021). Safer sex and COVID-19. New York City. http://nyc.gov/health/coronavirus
Oliveira, L., & Carvalho, J. (2021). Women's sexual health during the pandemic of COVID-19: Declines in sexual function and sexual pleasure. Current Sexual Health Reports, 1–13. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-021-00309-4
Organización de las Naciones Unidas. (2020). Ante el aumento de la violencia doméstica por el coronavirus, Guterres llama a la paz en los hogares. Noticias ONU. https://news.un.org/es/story/2020/04/1472392
Osur, J., Ireri, E. M., & Esho, T. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 and its control measures on sexual satisfaction among married couples in Kenya. Sexual Medicine, 9(3), 100354.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100354
Oyanedel, J. C., Barrientos, J., Mella, C., Mendiburo, A., Rubio, A., & Sánchez, B. (2020). Validation of the Sexual Personal Well-Being Index. Journal of Sexual & Marital Therapy, 46(7), 649-659.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2020.1775740
Pagán-Torres, O., González-Rivera, J. A., & Rosario-Hernández, E. (2020). Review-ing the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (Gad-7) in a sample of Puerto Rican adults. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 11(1), 36885-36888.
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
World Health Organization. (2020). Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-19. Interim guidance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/critical-preparedness-readiness-and-response-actions-for-covid-19
Yasir, S. M., Alradie-Mohamed, A., Kar, S. K., Sharma, P., & Kabir, R. (2020). Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113050.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113050
Zhang, Y., Wen, C., Zhang, Y., Luo, X., & Ma, Z. (2021). The impact of mental health and stress concerns on relationship and sexuality amidst the COVID-19 lockdown. Journal of Sexual Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.013
Cómo citar
Cambios en el funcionamiento sexual de parejas durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 en Puerto Rico. (2022). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 32(2), 260-273. https://repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/700
Sección
Artículo de investigación
Si se acepta un trabajo para su publicación, los derechos de impresión y de reproducción por cualquier forma y medio son de la Asociación de Psicología de Puerto Rico (APPR), que no rechazará cualquier petición razonable por parte de los autores para obtener el permiso de reproducción de sus contribuciones. Debe adjuntarse una carta tipo de cesión de derechos. Se entiende que las opiniones expresadas en los artículos son de responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores y no comprometen la opinión y política científica de la Revista ni de la APPR. Igualmente, las actividades descritas en los trabajos publicados estarán de acuerdo con los criterios de ética, tanto por lo que se refiere a los trabajos con humanos como a la experimentación animal, así como en todo lo relativo a la ética profesional.
Cómo citar
Cambios en el funcionamiento sexual de parejas durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 en Puerto Rico. (2022). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 32(2), 260-273. https://repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/700