Depresión e Ideación Suicida en Personas de la Comunidad LGBT con y sin Pareja: Un Estudio Exploratorio
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Publicado
Dec 23, 2019
Resumen
El propósito principal de esta investigación fue evaluar si el tener pareja es un factor protector para la depresión y la ideación suicida en la comunidad LGBT de Puerto Rico y examinar las diferencias en los niveles de depresión según el estado de relación de pareja.Se utilizó un diseño no experimental transversal, de tipo descriptivo comparativo. Se administró el Cuestionario sobre la Salud del Paciente para la Depresión (PHQ-9, por sus siglas en inglés),a una muestra de 192 participantes de la comunidad LGBT. Los resultados reflejaron queel 23.4%de los participantes presentó depresión leve, el 12.5%depresión moderada, el 6.3%depresión moderada severa, el 6.3%depresión severa y el 24.5%presentó ideación suicida. Se encontró que hay diferencias en los niveles de depresión entre las personas de la comunidad LGBT que tienen pareja y lo que no tienen. Además, los resultados demostraron que el tener pareja reduce a la mitad la probabilidad de la ideación suicida. Se concluye que tener una relación de pareja es un factor protector contrala ideación suicidaen la muestra de participantes de la comunidad LGBT de esta investigación.
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Keywords
References
Bostwick, W. B., Boyd, C. J., Hughes, T. L., & McCabe, S. E. Dimensions of sexual orientation and the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 468-475. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.152942
Bostwick, W. B., Meyer, I., Aranda, F., Russell, S., Hughes, T., Birkett, M., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Mental health and suicidality among racially/ethnically diverse sexual minority youth. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), 1129–1136. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301749
Burns, M. N., Ryan, D. T., Garofalo, R., Newcomb, M. E., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Mental health disorders in young urban sexual minority men. The Journal of adolescent health: Official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 56(1), 52-8. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.07.018
Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (2000). Lifetime prevalence of suicide symptoms and affective disorders among men reporting same-sex sexual partners: Results from NHANES III. American Journal of Public Health, 90(4), 573–578. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1446201/pdf/10754972.pdf
Cochran, S. D., Mays, V. M., Alegria, M., Ortega, A. N., & Takeuchi, D. (2007). Mental health and substance use disorders among Latino and Asian American lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 785-794. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.75.5.785
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.) Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
De Graaf, R., Sandfort, T. G., & ten Have, M. (2006). Suicidality and sexual orientation: Differences between men and women in a general population-based sample from the Netherlands. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35(3), 253-262. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9020-z
Garofalo, R., Wolf, R. C., Wissow, L. S., Woods, E. R., & Goodman, E. (1999). Sexual orientation and risk of suicide attempts among a representative sample of youth. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 153(5), 487-493. doi:10.1001/archpedi.153.5.487
Goldsmith, S. K., Pellmar, T. C., Kleinman, A. M., & Bunney, W. E. (2002). Reducing suicide: A national imperative. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Hatzenbuehler, M. L., McLaughlin, K. A., Keyes, K. M., & Hasin, D. S. (2010). The impact of institutional discrimination on psychiatric disorders in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: A prospective study. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 452-459. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.168815
Hickson, F., Davey, C., Reid, D., Weatherburn, P., & Bourne, A. (2016). Mental health inequalities among gay and bisexual men in England, Scotland and Wales: a large community-based cross-sectional survey. Journal of Public Health, 38(2), 1-8. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdw021
Hyun-Jun, K., & Fredriksen, K.I. (2016). Living arrangement and loneliness among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults. Gerontologist, 56(3), 548-558. doi:10.1093/geront/gnu083
King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self-harm in lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 70-87. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
Kroenke, K. & Spitzer, R.L. (2002). The PHQ-9: A new depression and diagnostic severity measure. Psychiatric Annals, 32, 509-521. Recuperado de http://www.lphi.org/LPHIadmin/uploads/.PHQ-9-Review-Kroenke-63754.PDF
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613.
Kuyper, L., & Fokkema, T. (2010). Loneliness among older lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: The role of minority stress. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 1117-1180. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9513-7
Martínez-Taboas, A., Cruz-Pérez, J.P., & Padilla-Martínez, V. (2016). Salud mental en población LG: ¿Cuál es el escenario y cómo podemos entenderlo? En M. Vázquez-Rivera, A. Martínez-Taboas, M. Francia-Martínez & J. Toro-Alfonso (Eds.), LGBT 101: Una mirada introductoria al colectivo (pp. 141-161). Hato Rey, P.R.: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas.
Mays, V. M., & Cochran, S. D. (2001). Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 91(11), 1869-1876. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1446893/
Meyer, I. H., Dietrich, J., & Schwartz, S. (2008). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders and suicide attempts in diverse lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. American Journal of Public Health, 98(6), 1004-1006. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.096826
Parsons, J. T., Starks, T. J., DuBois, S., Grov, C., & Golub, S. A. (2013). Alternatives to monogamy among gay male couples in a community survey: Implications for mental health and sexual risk. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(2), 303-312.
Paul, J. P., Catania, J., Pollack, L., Moskowitz, J., Canchola, J., Mills, T., … Stall, R. (2002). Suicide attempts among gay and bisexual men: Lifetime prevalence and antecedents. American Journal of Public Health, 92(8), 1338-1345. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447240/
Ploderl, M., & Fartacek, R. (2007). Childhood gender nonconformity and harassment as predictors of suicidality among gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual Austrians. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(3), 400-410. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9244-6
Remafedi, G. (2002). Suicidality in a venue-based sample of young men who have sex with men. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(4), 305-310. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00405-6
Remafedi, G., French, S., Story, M., Resnick, M. D., & Blum, R. (1998). The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: Results of a population-based study. American Journal of Public Health, 88(1), 57-60. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1508407/pdf/amjph00013-0059.pdf
Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Díaz, R., Sánchez, J. (2009). Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino LGB young adults. Pediatrics, 123(1), 346-352. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3524.
Sousa, V., Driessnack, M., & Mendes, I. (2007). An overview of research designs relevant to nursing: Part 1: Quantitative research designs. Revista Latinoamericana de Enfermagem, 15, 502-507. doi:10.1590/S0104-11692007000300022
Thomeer, M. B., Reczek, C., & Umberson, D. (2015) Relationship dynamics around depression in gay and lesbian couples. Social Science & Medicine, 147(1), 38-46. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.048
Vázquez-Rivera, M., Nazario-Serrano, J., & Sayers-Montalvo, S. (2012). Actitudes hacia gays y lesbianas en psicoterapia de estudiantes graduados/as de psicología y psicólogos/as clínicos/as con licencia. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 46(1) 435-446. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=28425871012
Whitton, S. W. & Kuryluk, A. D. (2014). Associations between relationship quality and depressive symptoms in same-sex couples. Journal of Family Psychology 28(4), 571-576. doi:10.1037/fam0000011
Zhao, Y., Montoro, R., Igartua, K., & Thombs, B. D. (2010). Suicidal ideation and attempt among adolescents reporting “unsure” sexual identity or heterosexual identity plus same-sex attraction or behavior: Forgotten groups? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2):104-113. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1144
Bostwick, W. B., Meyer, I., Aranda, F., Russell, S., Hughes, T., Birkett, M., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Mental health and suicidality among racially/ethnically diverse sexual minority youth. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), 1129–1136. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301749
Burns, M. N., Ryan, D. T., Garofalo, R., Newcomb, M. E., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Mental health disorders in young urban sexual minority men. The Journal of adolescent health: Official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 56(1), 52-8. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.07.018
Cochran, S. D., & Mays, V. M. (2000). Lifetime prevalence of suicide symptoms and affective disorders among men reporting same-sex sexual partners: Results from NHANES III. American Journal of Public Health, 90(4), 573–578. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1446201/pdf/10754972.pdf
Cochran, S. D., Mays, V. M., Alegria, M., Ortega, A. N., & Takeuchi, D. (2007). Mental health and substance use disorders among Latino and Asian American lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 785-794. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.75.5.785
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.) Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
De Graaf, R., Sandfort, T. G., & ten Have, M. (2006). Suicidality and sexual orientation: Differences between men and women in a general population-based sample from the Netherlands. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35(3), 253-262. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9020-z
Garofalo, R., Wolf, R. C., Wissow, L. S., Woods, E. R., & Goodman, E. (1999). Sexual orientation and risk of suicide attempts among a representative sample of youth. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 153(5), 487-493. doi:10.1001/archpedi.153.5.487
Goldsmith, S. K., Pellmar, T. C., Kleinman, A. M., & Bunney, W. E. (2002). Reducing suicide: A national imperative. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Hatzenbuehler, M. L., McLaughlin, K. A., Keyes, K. M., & Hasin, D. S. (2010). The impact of institutional discrimination on psychiatric disorders in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: A prospective study. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 452-459. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.168815
Hickson, F., Davey, C., Reid, D., Weatherburn, P., & Bourne, A. (2016). Mental health inequalities among gay and bisexual men in England, Scotland and Wales: a large community-based cross-sectional survey. Journal of Public Health, 38(2), 1-8. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdw021
Hyun-Jun, K., & Fredriksen, K.I. (2016). Living arrangement and loneliness among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults. Gerontologist, 56(3), 548-558. doi:10.1093/geront/gnu083
King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self-harm in lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 70-87. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
Kroenke, K. & Spitzer, R.L. (2002). The PHQ-9: A new depression and diagnostic severity measure. Psychiatric Annals, 32, 509-521. Recuperado de http://www.lphi.org/LPHIadmin/uploads/.PHQ-9-Review-Kroenke-63754.PDF
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613.
Kuyper, L., & Fokkema, T. (2010). Loneliness among older lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: The role of minority stress. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 1117-1180. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9513-7
Martínez-Taboas, A., Cruz-Pérez, J.P., & Padilla-Martínez, V. (2016). Salud mental en población LG: ¿Cuál es el escenario y cómo podemos entenderlo? En M. Vázquez-Rivera, A. Martínez-Taboas, M. Francia-Martínez & J. Toro-Alfonso (Eds.), LGBT 101: Una mirada introductoria al colectivo (pp. 141-161). Hato Rey, P.R.: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas.
Mays, V. M., & Cochran, S. D. (2001). Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 91(11), 1869-1876. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1446893/
Meyer, I. H., Dietrich, J., & Schwartz, S. (2008). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders and suicide attempts in diverse lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. American Journal of Public Health, 98(6), 1004-1006. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.096826
Parsons, J. T., Starks, T. J., DuBois, S., Grov, C., & Golub, S. A. (2013). Alternatives to monogamy among gay male couples in a community survey: Implications for mental health and sexual risk. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(2), 303-312.
Paul, J. P., Catania, J., Pollack, L., Moskowitz, J., Canchola, J., Mills, T., … Stall, R. (2002). Suicide attempts among gay and bisexual men: Lifetime prevalence and antecedents. American Journal of Public Health, 92(8), 1338-1345. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447240/
Ploderl, M., & Fartacek, R. (2007). Childhood gender nonconformity and harassment as predictors of suicidality among gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual Austrians. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(3), 400-410. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9244-6
Remafedi, G. (2002). Suicidality in a venue-based sample of young men who have sex with men. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(4), 305-310. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00405-6
Remafedi, G., French, S., Story, M., Resnick, M. D., & Blum, R. (1998). The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: Results of a population-based study. American Journal of Public Health, 88(1), 57-60. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1508407/pdf/amjph00013-0059.pdf
Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Díaz, R., Sánchez, J. (2009). Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino LGB young adults. Pediatrics, 123(1), 346-352. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3524.
Sousa, V., Driessnack, M., & Mendes, I. (2007). An overview of research designs relevant to nursing: Part 1: Quantitative research designs. Revista Latinoamericana de Enfermagem, 15, 502-507. doi:10.1590/S0104-11692007000300022
Thomeer, M. B., Reczek, C., & Umberson, D. (2015) Relationship dynamics around depression in gay and lesbian couples. Social Science & Medicine, 147(1), 38-46. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.048
Vázquez-Rivera, M., Nazario-Serrano, J., & Sayers-Montalvo, S. (2012). Actitudes hacia gays y lesbianas en psicoterapia de estudiantes graduados/as de psicología y psicólogos/as clínicos/as con licencia. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 46(1) 435-446. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=28425871012
Whitton, S. W. & Kuryluk, A. D. (2014). Associations between relationship quality and depressive symptoms in same-sex couples. Journal of Family Psychology 28(4), 571-576. doi:10.1037/fam0000011
Zhao, Y., Montoro, R., Igartua, K., & Thombs, B. D. (2010). Suicidal ideation and attempt among adolescents reporting “unsure” sexual identity or heterosexual identity plus same-sex attraction or behavior: Forgotten groups? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2):104-113. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1144
Cómo citar
Depresión e Ideación Suicida en Personas de la Comunidad LGBT con y sin Pareja: Un Estudio Exploratorio. (2019). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 30(2), 254-267. https://repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/546
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Cómo citar
Depresión e Ideación Suicida en Personas de la Comunidad LGBT con y sin Pareja: Un Estudio Exploratorio. (2019). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 30(2), 254-267. https://repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/546