Descripción de factores que contribuyen al estigma público y sus efectos en la calidad de vida de personas con discapacidad visual
Resumen
El propósito de este estudio es describir desde referentes teóricos los factores que contribuyen al estigma público de las personas con discapacidad visual y sus efectos en la calidad de vida. Hicimos una revisión sistemática exploratoria, que incluyó búsqueda independiente y por duplicado en: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, APA PsycNet, SAGE Journals, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, Psychology & Behavioral sciences collection, SocINDEX. Se revisaron 193 artículos y finalmente sólo 9 fueron incluidos. Como parte del análisis, encontramos cinco factores que contribuyen al estigma público: percepción cultural de la discapacidad, uso del bastón blanco, deterioro de la red de apoyo familiar y social, identidad social devaluada y el ocularcentrismo. También, identificamos cinco efectos de la estigmatización: bajos niveles de autoaceptación, reacciones afectivas negativas, discriminación, deterioro de la calidad de vida y rechazo al uso de ayudas no ópticas. El temor de la persona a ser reconocida con deficiencia visual (p.ej. al usar dispositivos de apoyo) dado que visibilizan un rasgo estigmatizante, influye en la adherencia a procesos de rehabilitación.
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Baja visión, estigma, ayudas técnicas, discriminación social, calidad de vida
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