Factores asociados al abuso de menores: Resultados de una intervención para el fortalecimiento de prácticas de crianza
Resumen
El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la efectividad de la intervención Fundamentos de Crianza para fortalecer las prácticas de crianzas y reducir el nivel de riesgo la maltrato de menores. Además, pretendía examinar factores sociodemográficas y contextuales que se relacionan con el riesgo al maltrato y negligencia luego de la intervención (T2). Realizamos análisis secundario de datos con una muestra 198 participantes (54% Hispanos) que finalizaron el programa de intervención Fundamentos de Crianza durante el año 2015-2016. Los resultados de análisis de varianzas de medidas repetidas muestran que el programa logró un incremento en las estrategias de crianza positivas entre los participantes de todos los grupos y tuvo un efecto favorable en la reducción del riesgo al maltrato, en particular en la falta de Empatía sobre las Necesidades del Niño y el Uso de Castigo Físico. En su mayoría, los patrones de cambio fueron significativamente diferentes por grupo de edad. Resultados del análisis de regresión siguieren que la etnicidad, el desempleo y el estatus marital se relacionan con el riesgo al maltrato luego de la intervención. Este estudio provee evidencia sobre la efectividad de Fundamentos de Crianza para el desarrollo de prácticas de crianza positivas y la reducción del riesgo al maltrato en padres de niños de diversos grupos de edad y de diferentes grupos étnicos. Además, pone de manifiesto factores individuales y contextuales relevantes que se asocian al riesgo al maltrato que resultan cruciales para el diseño e implementación de intervenciones de crianza en la comunidad.
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